Construction and Demolition Waste Management in Kabul, Afghanistan

Abstract

Construction and demolition (C&D) waste constitutes a significant global waste stream with substantial environmental, social, and economic implications. In Kabul, rapid urbanization and redevelopment have increased C&D waste generation, yet information on its management is limited. This study examines the sources, management challenges, stakeholder roles, and policy frameworks associated with C&D waste in Kabul, addressing a gap in the literature that has largely overlooked this specific waste stream. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research utilizes a structured questionnaire with 100 participants, semi-structured interviews, and direct observations. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while the qualitative data were analysed through thematic analysis. The primary causes of construction waste include inadequate planning, excessive material procurement, and frequent design modifications. Significant challenges identified are weak regulatory enforcement, insufficient recycling infrastructure, and low public awareness. The study recommends strategic interventions, including stricter regulations, improved recycling systems, and enhanced stakeholder collaboration. By referencing global best practices, it outlines a roadmap to align Kabul's C&D waste management with international sustainability standards.