Assessment of Erosion Influence on Asphalt Pavement of Kabul-Kandahar Highway

Abstract

Erosion and deterioration are critical issues affecting asphalt pavements in Afghanistan. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies for asphalt pavement erosion along the Kabul–Kandahar Highway. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through field surveys, questionnaires completed by 103 technical experts and engineers, and laboratory testing of aggregate and asphalt samples. Statistical analysis revealed that pavement erosion is significantly accelerated by climate variability—particularly rainfall and temperature fluctuations—and by heavy vehicle traffic, poor drainage infrastructure, and substandard construction materials. Surface erosion was the most prevalent damage type, followed by cracking, potholing, rutting, and reflective cracking. The study recommends using high-quality modified binders, such as Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene asphalt, improving drainage systems, enhancing technical capacity, and integrating climate-resilient design principles to extend pavement service life and ensure long-term durability under challenging environmental conditions.